What does stress measure in material science for airframes?

Stress in material science is defined as the force applied per unit area within materials. This concept is critical in airframe design and analysis because it helps engineers understand how materials will perform when subjected to various loads during flight.

When an aircraft is in operation, different forces are exerted on its structures, including tension, compression, and shear. By measuring stress, engineers can predict how these forces will affect materials and ensure that they can withstand operational conditions without failing. This is vital for maintaining the safety and integrity of the airframe.

The other options do not represent the definition of stress. The amount of weight an aircraft can carry relates more to load capacity rather than stress specifically. The overall volume of a structural component is unrelated to stress, as it does not account for force application. Temperature limits refer to the thermal properties of materials and their ability to perform under heat, which is also separate from the mechanical concept of stress.